Note 9 – Common Stock

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company issued 200,000 shares to various consultants for services rendered, valued at $10,000.

On February 25, 2019, a third-party debt holder cashless exercised 875,000 shares of warrant to purchase common stocks.

On March 4, 2019, 650,000 shares were returned in connection with partial repayment made to debt holder and the same holder cashless exercised 1,110,000 shares of warrant to purchase common stocks.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had 23,610,738 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

Warrants

On May 27, 2016, the Company granted to Wilshire Energy Partners, LLC, warrants (“Wilshire Warrants”) to purchase (i) 100,000 common shares at a strike price of $1.25 per share, (ii) 200,000 common shares at a strike price of $2.00 per share and (iii) 400,000 common shares at a strike price of $3.00 per share. The Wilshire Warrants commence to be exercisable on the earlier of (i) 12-month anniversary of the closing of a going public transaction or (ii) June 30, 2017 and expire on June 1, 2021.

On May 27, 2016, the Company granted to an unrelated party warrants to purchase (i) 125,000 common shares at a strike price of $1.25 per share, (ii) 100,000 common shares at a strike price of $2.00 per share and (iii) 100,000 common shares at a strike price of $3.00 per share. The warrants commence to be exercisable on the earlier of (i) 12-month anniversary of the closing of a going public transaction or (ii) June 30, 2017 and expire on June 1, 2021.

The fair value of above warrants was determined to be $2,144 on May 27, 2016, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 120%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 5 years.

On November 7, 2017, the Company issued 50,000 warrants to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock of the Company at a strike price of $1.00 per share expiring on May 7, 2019 in connection with a senior convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $50,000. If the Company fails to pay the principal and accrued unpaid interest due and payable to Lender on or before the due date of the convertible note, then the Lender shall be provided the right to convert at either $0.665 per share or upon the same terms offered in FirstFire Global Opportunities Fund, LLC Note’s conversion options. The relative fair value of warrant was determined to be $3,381 on November 7, 2017, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 77%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 1.5 years.

On November 17, 2017, the Company issued an unaffiliated investor warrants to purchase 267,500 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share and expires in 18 months, in connection with a senior convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $267,500. The aggregate relative fair value of warrant was determined to be $10,750 on November 17, 2017, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 78%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 1.5 year. The exercise price subject to adjustment if the Company at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, shall sell or grant any option to purchase, or sell or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or securities entitling any person or entity to acquire shares of Common Stock (upon conversion, exercise or otherwise) (including but not limited to under the Note), at an effective price per share less than the then Exercise Price. Exercise Price shall be reduced to equal the effective price, and the number of Warrant Shares issuable hereunder shall be calculated by the original total number of Warrant Shares multiplied by the initial Exercise Price divided by the effective price. As the result, the exercise price of the warrants was reset to the lesser of (i) 50% multiplied by the lowest Trading Price during the previous twenty (20) Trading Day prior to March 4, 2019, which is $0.025. (ii) 50% multiplied by the lowest Trading Price during the previous twenty (20) Trading Day prior to the Conversion Date. The fair value of the warrant was determined to be $1,381,963 on March 4, 2019, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 248%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 0.2 year. The same was considered as deemed dividend.

On August 11, 2018, the Company issued an unaffiliated investor warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at a strike price of $0.665 per share expiring in 24 months, in connection with a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $44,000. The aggregate relative fair value of the warrant was determined to be $9,035 on August 11, 2018, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 221%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 2 year.

On November 1, 2018, the Company issued an unaffiliated investor two tranches of warrants in connection with a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $380,000. (i) tranche 1 are warrants having a 5-year term to purchase 687,500 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock at an exercise price of $0.20 per share with cashless exercise option and (ii) tranche 2 are warrants having a 5-year term to purchase 2,062,500 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock at an exercise price of $0.20 per share with cashless exercise option. Tranche 2 warrants may be redeemed by the Company for $20,000 (“Call Payment”) beginning on the date of issuance, November 1, 2018, and ending on the date which is 180 calendar days following the issuance date (the “Call”). The aggregate relative fair value of the warrant was determined to be $89,908 on November 1, 2018, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 226%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 5.0 year. The exercise price subject to adjustment if the Company at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, shall sell or grant any option to purchase, or sell or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or securities entitling any person or entity to acquire shares of Common Stock (upon conversion, exercise or otherwise) (including but not limited to under the Note), at an effective price per share less than the then Exercise Price. Exercise Price shall be reduced to equal the effective price, and the number of Warrant Shares issuable hereunder shall be calculated by the original total number of Warrant Shares multiplied by the initial Exercise Price divided by the effective price. As the result, the exercise price of the warrants was reset to the lesser of (i) 50% multiplied by the lowest Trading Price during the previous twenty (20) Trading Day prior to March 4, 2019, which is $0.025. (ii) 50% multiplied by the lowest Trading Price during the previous twenty (20) Trading Day prior to the Conversion Date. The fair value of the warrant was determined to be $3,421,241 on March 4, 2019, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 248%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 4.7 year. The same was considered as deemed dividend.

On December 6, 2018 the Company issued an unaffiliated investor warrants to purchase 227,500 shares of common stock at a strike price of $0.20 per share expiring in 5 years, in connection with a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $45,500. The relative fair value of the warrant was determined to be $7,880 on December 6, 2018, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 225%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 5.0 year. The exercise price subject to adjustment if the Company at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, shall sell or grant any option to purchase, or sell or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or securities entitling any person or entity to acquire shares of Common Stock (upon conversion, exercise or otherwise) (including but not limited to under the Note), at an effective price per share less than the then Exercise Price. Exercise Price shall be reduced to equal the effective price, and the number of Warrant Shares issuable hereunder shall be calculated by the original total number of Warrant Shares multiplied by the initial Exercise Price divided by the effective price. As the result, the exercise price of the warrants was reset to the lesser of (i) 50% multiplied by the lowest Trading Price during the previous twenty (20) Trading Day prior to March 4, 2019, which is $0.025. (ii) 50% multiplied by the lowest Trading Price during the previous twenty (20) Trading Day prior to the Conversion Date. The fair value of the warrant was determined to be $299,594 on March 4, 2019, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 248%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 4.8 year. The same was considered as deemed dividend.

On March 4, 2019, the Company issued warrants having an 18-month term, to purchase 1,125,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.50 per share, with a cashless exercise feature. The exercise price subject to adjustment if the Company at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, shall sell or grant any option to purchase, or sell or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or securities entitling any person or entity to acquire shares of Common Stock (upon conversion, exercise or otherwise) (including but not limited to under the Note), at an effective price per share less than the then Exercise Price. Exercise Price shall be reduced to equal the effective price, and the number of Warrant Shares issuable hereunder shall be calculated by the original total number of Warrant Shares multiplied by the initial Exercise Price divided by the effective price. As the result, the exercise price of the warrants was reset to the lesser of (i) $0.5 or (ii) 50% multiplied by the lowest Trading Price during the previous twenty (20) Trading Day prior to the exercise price upon issuance. The fair value of the warrant was determined to be $3,553,635 on March 4, 2019, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 248%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 1.5 year.

On March 6, 2019, the Company issued Labrys warrants having a five-year term to purchase 608,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, at an exercise price of $0.50 per share, with a cashless exercise feature. The exercise price subject to adjustment if the Company at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, shall sell or grant any option to purchase, or sell or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or securities entitling any person or entity to acquire shares of Common Stock (upon conversion, exercise or otherwise) (including but not limited to under the Note), at an effective price per share less than the then Exercise Price. Exercise Price shall be reduced to equal the effective price, and the number of Warrant Shares issuable hereunder shall be calculated by the original total number of Warrant Shares multiplied by the initial Exercise Price divided by the effective price. As the result, the exercise price of the warrants was reset to the lesser of (i) 50% multiplied by the lowest Trading Price during the previous twenty (20) Trading Day prior to the Issuance Date. (ii) 50% multiplied by the lowest Trading Price during the previous twenty (20) Trading Day prior to the Conversion Date. The fair value of the warrant was determined to be $2,306,364 on March 6, 2019, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 248%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 5 years.

On March 19, 2019, the Company issued warrants having a 18-month term to purchase 83,078 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, at an exercise price of $0.50 per share, with a cashless exercise feature. The exercise price subject to adjustment if the Company at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, shall sell or grant any option to purchase, or sell or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or securities entitling any person or entity to acquire shares of Common Stock (upon conversion, exercise or otherwise) (including but not limited to under the Note), at an effective price per share less than the then Exercise Price. Exercise Price shall be reduced to equal the effective price, and the number of Warrant Shares issuable hereunder shall be calculated by the original total number of Warrant Shares multiplied by the initial Exercise Price divided by the effective price. As the result, the exercise price of the warrants was reset to the lesser of (i) 60% multiplied by the lowest Trading Price during the previous twenty-five (25) Trading Days before the Issue Date of this Note or (ii) 60% multiplied by the Market Price. The fair value of the warrant was determined to be $296,143 on March 19, 2019, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 266%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 1.5 year.

On March 20, 2019, the Company also issued warrants having a 5 years term to purchase 80,036 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock, at an exercise price of $0.50 per share, with a cashless exercise feature. The exercise price subject to adjustment if the Company at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, shall sell or grant any option to purchase, or sell or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Common Stock or securities entitling any person or entity to acquire shares of Common Stock (upon conversion, exercise or otherwise) (including but not limited to under the Note), at an effective price per share less than the then Exercise Price. Exercise Price shall be reduced to equal the effective price, and the number of Warrant Shares issuable hereunder shall be calculated by the original total number of Warrant Shares multiplied by the initial Exercise Price divided by the effective price. As the result, the exercise price of the warrants was reset to 50% multiplied by the lowest Trading Price during the previous twenty 20 Trading Days prior to notice of conversion. The fair value of the warrant was determined to be $106,534 on March 20, 2019, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 266%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 5 years.

The following table summarizes all stock warrant activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:

Options

On May 19, 2016, the Company granted to each of its then three directors options to purchase (i) 50,000 common shares at a strike price of $2 per share, vesting when the Company achieves and maintains a total average daily production level of 100 barrels of oil equivalent per day (“BOE/D”) for at least 30 days, (ii) 50,000 common shares at a strike price of $3 per share, vesting when the Company achieves and maintains a total average daily production level of 200 BOE/D for at least 60 days, and (iii) 50,000 common shares at a strike price of $4 per share, vesting when the Company achieves and maintains a total average daily production level of 500 BOE/D for at least 90 days.

On February 27, 2017, the Company granted to Mr. Christopher Jarvis, currently an officer and director, options to purchase 400,000 common shares at a strike price of $1.99 per share, vesting quarterly over two years commencing with the first quarter following the 90-day probationary period.

The fair value of 400,000 options was determined to be $616,055 on February 27, 2017, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 129%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 5 years.

On February 27, 2017, the Company granted to Mr. Kevin J. Sylla, currently our Executive Chairman of the Board, options to purchase 1,200,000 common shares at a strike price of $1.99 per share, vesting quarterly over the term of three years.

The fair value of 1,200,000 options was determined to be $1,986,902 on February 27, 2017, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model based on the following assumptions: (i) volatility rate of 129%, (ii) discount rate of 0%, (iii) zero expected dividend yield, and (iv) expected life of 7 years.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded $212,254 and $239,259 option expense. As of March 31, 2019, the unamortized option expense was $604,236.

The following table summarizes all stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018: